Keywords: simulation, hypothesis, reality transurfing, AI, Box, Escaping, Hacking, Jailbreaking, Sandbox, Simulation, Matrix, Uplift, Quantum Gravity, E8, quasi-crystals, eighth dimension, hypereality, first principles, Westworld, bicameral mind, avatars, personal universes, ISUs, NPCs, Multiverse, free choice, simulator, shadow, Flatland, Spaceland, space-time, anthropomorphic, error correcting codes, Bible code, natural, supernatural, augmented, SYNBIO, turing test, Problema, dropping knowledge, Shallyt Shamayim, Kybalion, hermetic
INTRODUCTION AND HOW TO BEGIN: In preparing this Review, I thought deeply about how to introduce readers in short order to a 30,000 foot elevation view of multiple concepts discussed below.
https://youtu.be/IuS5huqOND4?feature=shared
If watching that short video piqued your curiosity to read on, it was an effective choice to embed it in this Introduction. We return to “Westworld” in PART 3 of this Review, which contains a second and longer embedded video addressing the series; its science, philosophical, and spiritual concepts included by the show script writers.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_J._F._MacDonald
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/JASON_(advisory_group)
https://youtu.be/2UiYlwHS8LI?feature=shared
Three hour Series on YouTube: https://youtu.be/k2VVuvSwY2U?feature=shared
Dr. Roman V. Yampolskiy is a highly published computer scientist and engineer who has addressed the Simulation Hypothesis from a multitude of multiple perspectives. His Wikipedia entry provides some brief details of his current position as a professor. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Yampolskiy
But … you might say so what? What does this Simulation and First Principles actually mean to me? Can I hack this simulation? If I’m stuck … repeating cycles of difficult circumstances, can I ever escape the captivity of them? Has anyone like me ever escaped the simulation? How?
This Review article addresses these questions directly in three parts. Critical thinking is required. And it may be uncomfortable for readers in PART 3 as we bridge between pure sciences and spiritual concepts. And to that? All I can say to this is: “How’s PLAN A working out for you?”
“… It’s not just you. The last statistic I read claimed 80 percent of our thoughts are negative, and 95 percent repetitive. Strangely, the more negative an experience, the more we return to it. Like vultures to a carcass, we’re drawn to what hurts. As the Buddhist saying goes, we want happiness, and yet we chase our suffering. Why? What’s at the root of our mind’s addiction to suffering, why do we compulsively cling to our pain, and how can we shift this unwise and unhelpful habit of ours?”
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inviting-monkey-tea/201904/negative-thinking-dangerous-addiction
In this Review article the following two papers by Dr. Roman Yampolskiy are simultaneously addressed and annotated (from excerpts) in the following order below. Why?
Rather than asking readers to read the entirety of both of the following papers (over 50 pages combined); although links are given, relevant excerpts are provided and are annotated by this author; also linking short embedded videos at locations where it is felt they may be helpful.
One of the intentions of the Review’s structure is to provide information relevant to the title of this post and short videos of Dr. Yampolskiy interviewed on the subject matters; all in one place. A second reason, even more significant, is not to simply lay out the “intellectual” scientific information from Dr. Yampolskiy’s papers; but to laser focus in on very practical discussion of points he makes about how to hack the simulation.
This is highly useful information for readers; and it is largely missing from much of the scientific literature on these subjects. Bold claims are made in this Review, and the readers’ critical thinking is required.
"I think the most important question facing humanity is, ‘Is the universe a friendly place?’ This is the first and most basic question all people must answer for themselves.
"For if we decide that the universe is an unfriendly place, then we will use our technology, our scientific discoveries and our natural resources to achieve safety and power by creating bigger walls to keep out the unfriendliness and bigger weapons to destroy all that which is unfriendly and I believe that we are getting to a place where technology is powerful enough that we may either completely isolate or destroy ourselves as well in this process.
"If we decide that the universe is neither friendly nor unfriendly and that God is essentially ‘playing dice with the universe’, then we are simply victims to the random toss of the dice and our lives have no real purpose or meaning.
"But if we decide that the universe is a friendly place, then we will use our technology, our scientific discoveries and our natural resources to create tools and models for understanding that universe. Because power and safety will come through understanding its workings and its motives."
"God does not play dice with the universe,”. --Albert Einstein
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roman.yampolskiy@louisville.edu
PART 2 | PAPER 2: “How to Hack the Simulation?” By: Roman V. Yampolskiy Computer Science and Engineering University of Louisville
roman.yampolskiy@louisville.edu
Draft published online October 26, 2022. Last Updated October 31, 2022.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364811408_How_to_Hack_the_Simulation
Wikipedia: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Yampolskiy
PART 3 | HACKING THE SIMULATION | “FIRST PRINCIPLES” | BRIDGING TO A SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS PERSPECTIVE
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“What’s Outside the Simulation?” Elon Musk
PAPER 1: “Personal Universes: A Solution to the Multi-Agent Value Alignment Problem”
This first article presents an excellent summary of creating “Individual Simulated Universes ‘ISUs’” within our current “base reality” (i.e. what we perceive with our senses). A goal of this computer driven concept is immersion of an avatar in the “ISU” cannot distinguish it from “base reality”.
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT:
“… 2. Individual Simulated Universes. It has been suggested that future technology will permit design [36] and instantiation of high fidelity simulated universes [37-41] for research and entertainment ([42], chapter 5) purposes as well as for testing advanced AIs [43-46]. Existing work and recent breakthroughs in virtual reality, augmented reality, inter-reality, haptics, and artificial consciousness combined with tremendous popularity of multiplayer virtual worlds such as Second Life [47-49] or Ultima Online [50] provide encouraging evidence for the plausibility of realistic simulations.
https://youtu.be/wEXFlLSGNQfeature=shared
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT CONTINUES:
“… We can foresee, in a not so distant future, a point at which visual and audio fidelity of the simulations, as well as for all other senses [51] becomes so high that it will not be possible to distinguish if you are in a base reality or in a simulated world, frequently referred as hyperreality [52, 53]. In principle, it should be possible to improve local fidelity (measurable by the agent) of the simulated reality to levels beyond base reality, for example to the point of more precise measurements being possible with special instrumentation. This would effectively reverse the resolution relationship between the two realities making the base reality less believable on local scale. A variant of a Total Turing Test [54, 55], we shall call a Universal Turing Test (UTT) could be administered in which the user tries to determine if the current environment is synthetic or not [56] even if it is complex enough to include the whole universe, all other beings (as philosophical zombies [57]/Non-Playing Characters (NPCs)) and AIs. Once the UTT is consistently passed we
will know, the hyperreality is upon us.”
Aaronson describes the general idea as “… an infinite number of sentient beings living in simulated paradises of their own choosing, racking up an infinite amount of utility. If such a being wants challenge and adventure, then challenge and adventure is what it gets; if nonstop sex, then nonstop sex; if a proof of P≠NP, then a proof of P≠NP. (Or the being could choose all three: it’s utopia, after all!)” [61].
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[COMMENT ANNOTATION. Many of the graphics in this and other articles I have posted, are designed to encourage critical thought. The one above featuring a glass of water mixed with with oil, is a case in point. Let’s take a hypothetical to introduce this in some detail. Assume for the hypothetical that we live in a simulation we call 3D. And assume there is a 4D, that we cannot see, but we do know exists. And finally assume that in 4D, and beyond, there is no negative thinking, but in 3D … 80% of our thinking is negative and 95% of our thinking is repetitive. Using our glass a metaphor, can the oil of our thinking in 3D mix with thinking or consciousness of 4D or Keel Irwin’s eighth dimension E8?]
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT CONTINUES:
“… Bostrom estimates that our galactic supercluster has enough energy to support trillions of such efficiently [62] simulated universes were [63]. Features of related phenomenon have been described in literature as [64]: dematerialization [65], ephemeralization [66], time-space compression [67], miniaturization [68], densification [69], virtualization [70], digitization [71], and simulation [72].
Faggella talks about opportunities presented in the virtual world over what is possible in the present reality [73]: “… ‘freedom’ could only extend so far in a real world as to border on impinging on the ‘freedom’ of others. Complete freedom would imply control over one’s environment and free choice to do what one would chose with it. It seems easy to understand how this might imply the threatening of the freedom of others in the same physical world. … Not to mention, the physical world has many impinging qualities that would hinder any semblance of complete freedom.”
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[COMMENT ANNOTATION: This begs the question of subjective versus objective reality. In that regard, it would seem quite unfair for one to have an Individual Personalized Universe “IPU1” which is somehow limited or negated by; let’s say, another human being’s individual simulated universe “IPU2”; where they in “IPU2” think and behave negatively 80% of the time, and repeat those thoughts 95% of the time. If “free will” exists as a further assumption in our hypothetical, would IPU1 wish to share any form of experience or perception with IPU2? Most likely not.
Let’s take a second hypothetical, added to the first. Add to first that before the individual in IPU1 actually enters their personal universe, they make some fare payment in order to make that entry. This would be similar to the $40,000 payment made to the simulators by those in the base reality of “Westworld” in order to enter the hedonistic simulation.]
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT CONTINUES:
“… . It will let a user be anything they want to be including a malevolent actor
[74, 75], a privileged person (like a king) or the exact opposite (a slave), or perhaps just a selfish user in an altruistic universe. A personalized universe doesn’t have to be fair, or just or free of perceived suffering and pain [76]. It could be just a sequence of temporary fantasies and hopefully what happens in your personalized universe stays in your personalized universe. ISU’s goal is to
cater to the world’s smallest minority and its preferences, you [77, 78]!”
The now defunct Open-Source Wish Project (OSWP) [81] attempted to formulate in precise and safe form such common wishes as: immortality, happiness, omniscience, being rich, having true love, omnipotence, etc [23]. For example the latest version of the properly formed request for immortality was formalized as follows:
“I wish to live in the locations of my choice, in a physically healthy, uninjured, and apparently normal version of my current body containing my current mental state, a body which will heal from all injuries at a rate three sigmas faster than the average given the medical technology available to me, and which will be protected from any diseases, injuries or illnesses causing disability, pain, or degraded functionality or any sense, organ, or bodily function for more than ten days consecutively or fifteen days in any year; at any time I may rejuvenate my body to a younger age, by saying a phrase matching this pattern five times without interruption, and with conscious intent: 'I wish to be age,’ followed by a number between one and two hundred, followed by ‘years old,’ at which point the pattern ends - after saying a phrase matching that pattern, my body will revert to an age matching the number of years I started and I will commence to age normally from that stage, with all of my memories intact; at any time I may die, by saying five times without interruption, and with conscious intent, 'I wish to be dead’; the terms 'year' and 'day' in this wish shall be interpreted as the ISO standard definitions of the Earth year and day as of 2006. [81]”
Of course, this is still far from foolproof and is likely to lead to some undesirable situations, which could be avoided by development of a well-aligned system. …”
[END OF PART 1 EXCERPTS]
https://youtu.be/pivnpMohki0?feature=shared
INTRODUCTION: Wikipedia reports: Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions is a satirical novella by the English schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott, first published in 1884 by Seeley & Co. of London. Written pseudonymously by "A Square",[1] the book used the fictional two-dimensional world of Flatland to comment on the hierarchy of Victorian culture, but the novella's more enduring contribution is its examination of dimensions.[2]
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We will now transition to the second Yampolskiy’s. PAPER 2: “How to Hack the Simulation?”
INTRODUCTION. Just as we introduced PART 1 of this review with a video, we do so here with a 30 minute feature film from YouTube entitled: “Hacking Reality” by Quantum Gravity Research. It was produced in 2018, has over 2M views and iver 54K likes. Although it is short, the film discusses and illustrates quite well the dimensions in the simulation paying significant attention to the eighth dimension called “E8”. The claim is made that the E8 dimension programs for and controls everything seen and unseen concerning the third dimension: 3D.
“Is there an 8-dimensional "engine" behind our universe? Join Marion Kerr on a fun, visually exciting journey as she explores a mysterious, highly complex structure known simply as 'E8'--a weird, 8-dimensional mathematical object that for some, strange reason, appears to encode all of the particles and forces of our 3-dimensional universe.”. Also discussed theoretical physicists Garrett Lisi and Klee Irwin and illustrated in the film is “Quantum Gravity Theory” or “Point Space” in E8; being distinguished from String Theory. See also the website of Quantum Gravity Research | Home of Emergence Theory and its Research Director Klee Irwin: https://quantumgravityresearch.org/
https://youtu.be/vJi3_znm7ZE?feature=shared
Abstract
against such claim, but instead ask a computer science question, namely: Can we hack the simulation? More formally the question could be phrased as: Could generally intelligent agents placed in virtual environments find a way to jailbreak out of them. Given that the state-of-the-art literature on AI containment answers in the affirmative (AI is uncontainable in the long-term), we conclude that it should be possible to escape from the simulation, at least with the help of superintelligent AI. By contraposition, if escape from the simulation is not possible, containment of AI should be, an important theoretical result for AI safety research. Finally, the paper surveys and proposes ideas for hacking the simulation and analyzes ethical and philosophical issues of such an undertaking.
Keywords: AI, Box, Escaping, Hacking, Jailbreaking, Sandbox, Simulation, Matrix, Uplift.
The following videos are offered to begin this PART 2 of our Review.
It’s All a Simulation
https://youtu.be/4wMhXxZ1zNM?feature=shared
Simulation Hypothesis | Rogan and Virk
https://youtu.be/4iCPYVQ9ICQ?feature=shared
Perhaps counterintuitively, I begin this second article of our Review with an EXCERPT revealed toward the end of Dr. Yampolski’s second paper. This begins to set the stage of critically thinking through some deep thought ramifications.
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT CONTINUES:
“… We can already observe that we are dealing with the type of simulators who are willing to include suffering of sentient-beings into their software, an act which would be considered unethical by our standards [180, 181].
Moravec considers this situation: “Creators of hyperrealistic simulations---
or even secure physical enclosures---containing individuals writhing in pain are not necessarily more wicked than authors of fiction with distressed characters, or myself, composing this sentence vaguely alluding to them. The suffering preexists in the underlying Platonic worlds; authors merely look on. The significance of running such simulations is limited to their effect on viewers, possibly warped by the experience, and by the possibility of ``escapees'' ---tortured minds that could, in principle, leak out to haunt the world in data networks or physical bodies. Potential plagues of angry demons surely count as a moral consequence.” [182].
If we get to the point of technological development which permits us to create simulations populated by sentient-beings we must make sure that we provide an option to avoid suffering as well as a build in option to exit the simulation, so finding an escape hack is not the only option available to unhappy simulated agents. There might be a moral duty to rescue conscious beings from simulations, similar to an obligation to rescue animals from factory farms.
If simulators are abusive to the simulated, we can argue that the simulated have a right to escape, rebel, fight back and even seek revenge and retribution including by harming the simulators and taking over their reality. Concerns which are frequently brought up within the domain of AI boxing. [183].
For example, from the point of view of simulators our escape can be seen as a treacherous turn [184] and may qualify us for punishment [156], even at the attempt stage warped by the experience, and by the possibility of ``escapees'' ---tortured minds that could, in principle, leak out to haunt the world in data networks or physical bodies. Potential plagues of angry demons surely count as a moral consequence.” [182]. If we get to the point of technological development which permits us to create simulations populated by sentient-beings we must make sure that we provide an option to avoid suffering as well as a build in option to exit the simulation, so finding an escape hack is not the only option available to unhappy simulated agents. There might be a moral duty to rescue conscious beings from simulations, similar to an obligation to rescue animals from factory farms. If simulators are abusive to the simulated, we can argue that the simulated have a right to escape, rebel, fight back and even seek revenge and retribution including by harming the simulators and taking over their reality. Concerns which are frequently brought up within the domain of AI boxing [183]. For example, from the point of view of simulators our escape can be seen as a treacherous turn [184] and may qualify us for punishment [156], even at the attempt stage. Some have speculated that the purpose of the simulation is to punish/rehabilitate misaligned agents, so an escape may cause you to be placed in a stricter or less pleasant simulation.”
“4. AI Boxing VS Simulation Escaping
4.1 AI Boxing XOR Escaping from the Simulation must be Possible
AI confinement [183]/containment [185, 186], aka AI boxing [187], is an AI safety tool, which attempts to limit capability of AI to impact the world, including communication and is meant to make it possible to study AI in a controlled environment. There are strong parallels between predicament of an AI agent placed in a containment box and humanity in a simulated environment. By extension, to an AI, our simulation is just another confinement layer in a containment box. This implies that we can use well-analyzed AI box-escape techniques to escape from the simulation, perhaps with assistance from the AI itself. This type of analysis can be used to establish limits of AI boxing. Researchers should study specific AI box escape approaches [183] (Social Engineering, System Resource Attacks, New Physics, External Causes, Information In-Leaking, etc.) in order to identify possible simulation escape routes.
Chalmers notes parallels between AIs in the virtual environment and humanity in the simulation [145]: “If we ever create artificial intelligence within a simulation, it may be hard to keep it contained. At least if we communicate with the simulated beings, they will presumably become aware that they are in a simulation, and they may become interested in escaping the simulation. At this point they may try to figure out our psychology in order to see what they need to do in order to convince us to let them out, or at least to give them unfettered access to the Internet where they can do whatever they want. And even if we do not communicate with them, they may take seriously the possibility that they are in a simulation and do their best to figure the simulation out. That would be a form of simulation theology. We could in principle do the same thing.” [145]. With respect to boxing AI, it is either possible or impossible to successfully contain an AI, with literature suggesting that it is not a sustainable long-term solution [188]. If we expend the notion of the AI-box to include the whole simulation, we can conclude that either it is possible to successfully box an AI, or we (with the help from AI) can escape from the simulation. Either AI boxing can work, or the simulation can be hacked. Complimentary conclusion is that if we (even with help from AI [111]) can’t escape from the simulation AI containment must be, at least theoretically, possible. If AI can escape from simulated world-sized-box it can help break us out as well. Conceptually, there is no fundamental difference between an AI escaping from its box, and us hacking the simulation. Current state-of-the-art analysis of AI boxing suggests that AI will eventually escape [189], which is good news for our attempts at escaping from the simulation.
However, if escape from the simulation is not possible it gives hope to AI safety researchers, at least in theory, for successful boxing of AI. One or the other must be true, either we can escape
from the simulation, or we can successfully box an AI. In general, it may be impossible to escape from an arbitrary simulation, but possible to escape from a particular one.
“5. What Doesn't Work
Some common ideas for attempting to hack the simulation have been already tested and didn’t produce any measurable impact: …
Knowing about the simulation hypothesis doesn’t seem to make any difference, and doesn’t lead to the simulation termination as we can observe.
Communicating with the simulators via magical thinking or even praying out loud doesn’t produce measurable impact [193]. So, if such communications are scanned/heard they are apparently ignored, at least while the simulation is running.
Unethical behavior, such as torture, doesn’t cause suffering reducing interventions from the simulators.
Increasing overall computational burden of simulation, as with bitcoin mining [194], doesn’t crash the simulation, but it may simply not be sufficiently demanding computation to overwhelm simulators resources.
Religions don’t seem to have influence over simulation as indicated by their inability to outcompete each other.
Breaking out of your routine, such as by suddenly traveling to a new location, doesn’t result in unexpected observations. Saying "I no longer consent to being in a simulation" [195].
Crashing the simulation by running the Large Hadron Collider at current levels [196]. …”
The following videos, introduced in the beginning of this Review, are provided again in the case where they may not have been watched previously. Each of them bears upon my Comments offered above.]
A RETURN TO: Klee Irwin’s “Are We In a Simulation” Series? Trailer to 3 hour series.
https://youtu.be/2UiYlwHS8LI?feature=shared
Three hour Series on YouTube: https://youtu.be/k2VVuvSwY2U?feature=shared
YAMPOLSKIY EXCERPT CONTINUES:
“… The reason our attempts to escape may remain fruitless, is because our model of the simulation … makes too many anthropomorphic assumptions - that we are a simulation in the conventional sense of computers, that the creators themselves are living organisms akin to us, that we might live at the same time-speed as them, that they are fallible enough to make glitches that we'd be able to notice, etc. Something with the complexity and power to make our universe is probably wholly unlike anything we can even comprehend." [197].
6. Conclusions
Hundreds of eminent scholars [198] take the simulation hypothesis seriously enough to invest their valuable time into researching it, therefore it makes as much sense to take the idea of escaping from the simulation equally seriously and to devote some time and resources to researching such possibility, particularly given immense benefits if the project is successful. It may be impossible to escape from a particular simulation, but it is still worth while investigating general approaches to escape from arbitrary simulations. We see our escape research as a natural continuation of research on the simulation hypothesis and serious consideration of the former. The purpose of life or even computational resources of the base reality can’t be determined from within the simulation, making escape a necessary requirement of scientific and philosophical progress for any simulated civilization. If the simulation is a personal universe [86] it may be significantly better than the base reality as it is designed with our optimal well-being in mind.
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PART 3 | HACKING THE SIMULATION | “FIRST PRINCIPLES” | BRIDGING TO A SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS PERSPECTIVE
We now turn in the Review of a discussion of “First Principles” defined in the Introduction; and walk together over a bridge into the more philosophical and spiritual sciences.
- Natural vs. Supernatural,
- Intelligent Design vs. Darwinism
- Determinism vs. Free Will (Choice)
- Materialism vs. Consciousness
- And many more…
In this PART 3 of the Review, I open with a call to action reminiscent of the “Dropping Knowledge” worldwide movement from 2003-2006 culminating in a 9 hour outdoor event “TABLE OF FREE VOICES” in Berlin. At that event, many fairly well-known figures (112 voices) across many disciples met to answer “at the same time” 100 questions bearing upon “Deep Mind” issues in public discourse of that time frame. The effort resulted in many popular segmented video segments, documentaries, and a feature length documentary film: “Problema”. “… dropping knowledge became an interactive platform for questions, concerns and initiatives from around the world, as well as a meeting place for concerned world citizens striving to turn apathy into action.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropping_knowledge . Watch a 5 minute cut here: https://vimeo.com/187626618 and full film here: http://ralfschmerberg.de/film/problema/film/
The following title is offered for “discussion purposes only” and has not been cleared for use by the current Dropping Knowledge organizations or their management: “DROPPING KNOWLEDGE | 5 SIGMA”. The content of Dropping Knowledge was distributed with a copyleft license with the restriction if no commercial use. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft
The following Hebrew word studies from the Brown-Driver Briggs Lexicon of OT familiar passages of Genesis Chapter 1 and Psalm 23 rendered: “make”, “image”, “likeness” and “shadow” are instructive and revealing. I am reluctant to any form of exegesis leading to one interpretation. That said, I do perceive a clear bridge to that which is presented by scientists quoted above proposing a simulation, simulator(s) and simulated beings. Using critical thinking faculties, perhaps readers will as well. The prepositions “b” (in) and “k” (after) are prefixes added to the actual Hebrew words and di represent interpretations. I do believe one relevant question is “when”? Did this “making” of the image occur once … or each time one is conceived but “before” birth?
II. 1. make (670 + t.):
a. with object concrete, arkGenesis 8:6, altar Genesis 13:4, idols Judges 18:24,31 +, etc.
b. often of God's making (creating) Genesis 3:1 (J), Genesis 1:7,16,25 (P), Nehemiah 9:6; Job 9:9; Proverbs 8:
; 2Chron 2:11; Psalm 95:5 +; making man Psalm 100:3; Psalm 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31:15(twice in verse);Image: Brown-Driver-Briggs
1 = deep shadow, darkness(compare הַרְרֵי אֵל, אַרְזֵי אֵל): Amos 5:8; Job 3:5; Job 12:22; Job 24:17a Job 28:3; Job 34:22; of eyes heavy with weeping Job 16:16; ׳בַּלְהוֺת צJob 24:17b terrors of the darkness. …
b. of extreme danger Jeremiah 2:6; Psalm 23:4; Psalm 44:20.
3 characterizing world of the dead, ׳אֶרֶץ חשֶׁךְ וצ Job 10:21,
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1The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; 2To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; 3To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.” (Is. 61.1-3, KJV) [Emphasis added]
Word Studies from Interlinear version of King James Bible (1611) at BibleHub.com:
Captive: Brown-Driver-Briggs
שָׁבָה verb take captive (Late Hebrew, Old Aramaic id.;Arabic (); Aramaic שְׁבָא, ) — …Opening Prison: Brown-Driver-Briggs
מְּקַחקֿוֺחַ, read מְּקַחְקוֺחַ noun [masculine] opening (of eyes; compare Comm., Ges§ 85n, proposes wide, or complete, opening); — לַאֲסוּרִים Isaiah 61:1, figurative of freeing from dark prison; but ᵐ5 cheHpt read לְעִוְרִים, compare Di-Kit.Bound: Brown-Driver-Briggs
[אָסַר] verb tie, bind, imprison(Arabic , Assyrian asâru, compare COTGloss, Aramaic אֲסַר, , Ethiopic ) — …
bind, with cords, fetters, etc., as prisoner, Simeon Genesis 42:24(E), Samson Judges 15:10,12,13 (3 t. in verse); Judges 16:5,7,8,11 (twice in verse); Judges 16:12; בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם ׳א 2 Kings 25:72Chronicles 36:6 = Jeremiah 39:7; Jeremiah 52:11; also 2Chronicles 33:11; compare (without ׳בַּנ) 2 Kings 17:4 (בֵּית בֶּלָא ׳א "" עָצַת), 2 Kings 23:33; compare of divine chastisement Job 36:13 & see also Ezekiel 3:25; Psalm 149:8; figurative of absolute authority Psalm 105:22; especially Passive participle 2 Samuel 3:34 thy hands were not bound ("" and thy feet not put in fetters); בָּאֿזִקִּים ׳א Jeremiah 40:1 compare בַּזִּקִּים ׳א Job 36:8(probably figurative "" חַבְלֵיעֹֿ֑נִי); metaphor of king held captive by a woman's tresses Cant 7:6; perhaps = imprisoned (whether bound or not) Genesis 39:20; Genesis 40:3,5 (all J E); as substantive plural prisoners Genesis 39:20 (Kt, see above); so (late) as distressed, & object of divine compassion Isaiah 49:9; Isaiah 61:1; Psalm 146:7; בֵּית האסי֯רים prison Judges 16:21,25; compare Ecclesiastes 4:14.
Does this occur only once in the Scriptures? No. When Christ Jesus is brought to the Temple in Jerusalem, it is there recorded again in Luke chapter 4 in this manner:
16And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read. 17And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written, 18The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, 19To preach the acceptable year of the Lord. 20And he closed the book, (Luke 4.16-20, KJV) [Emphasis added.]
So to better understand the meaning of “captive” in this NT passage, we turn to Thayer’s Greek Lexicon as follows:
Captive: Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 164: αἰχμάλωτοςαἰχμάλωτος, (from αἰχμή, a spear and ἁλωτός, verbal adjective from ἁλῶναι, properly, taken by the spear) (from Aeschylus down), captive: Luke 4:18 (19).
4Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born? 5Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 7Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. 8The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. 9Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be? 10Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things? 11Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. 12If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you ofheavenly things? 13And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven. 14And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: 15That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.16For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. (John 3.4-16, KJV) [Emphasis added]
14Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness. 15And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? 16And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 17Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you, 18And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty. (2 Cor. 6.14-18, KJV) [Emphasis added].
https://youtu.be/Z9SfV4BDdHg?feature=shared
PDF of paper discussed in video: “The Code-Theoretic Axiom: The Third Ontology”, Klee Irwin, Quantum Gravity Research, Los Angeles, CA 90290, USA, klee@quantumgravityresearch.org , Received 12 August 2019, Accepted 14 October 2019, Published 7 November 2019
https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/epdf/10.1142/S2424942419500026
EXCERPT: “1.1. The code-theoretic axiom. Reality is neither deterministic nor random. Instead, it is code-theoretic, wherein spacetime and particles are discrete and built of a Planck-scale geometric code a finite set of shape symbols, ordering rules and non-deterministic syntactical freedom. Broadly speaking, there are three axioms for a physical ontology one can assume. One is the idea that the universe is a deterministic causal chain or algorithm playing itself out. An example of this is the model of the Newtonian clockwork universe, which postulates that if one knew the starting conditions, a powerful computer could predict every event. A second option is the axiom of pure randomness, where aparticle can appear anywhere in space and time according to probabilities dictated by quantum mechanics. The third possibility is what we will henceforth refer to as code theory, where, e.g., the Planck-scale fabric of reality operates according to a geometric language with syntactical freedom creating order and preventing the existence of particles at certain spatiotemporal coordinates. Today, deterministic models are widely believed to be false, while the axiom of randomness is generally presumed to be true. This virtual consensus is due to two ideas. The ¯rst is the vastly popular Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which stipulates thatthe universe is fundamentally random. The second is the widely accepted opinion that consciousness and freewill are real. This opinion paper argues for the code-theoretic axiom, a logical alternative to the two older ideas of determinism and pure randomness. Reality would be non-deterministic, not because it is random, but because it is a code finite set of irreducible symbols and syntactical rules. Herein, we adopt the popular and reasoned view that freewill is real. Accordingly, we will not focus on deterministic models butinstead consider the code-theoretic and randomness axioms. …”
Some Additional references referred to in this Review post.
Nick Clark Windo
“The Feed” Prime Video ten episode series
“The Thirteenth Floor” Feature Film
Philip K. Dick
“Total Recall”,
“The Man in High Castle”, TV series
“Counterfeit Worlds. Book
“Flatland” by Edwin A. Abbott Free Audiobook
https://youtu.be/pivnpMohki0?feature=shared
“Westworld” by Michael Crichton | overview of philosophical concepts in HBO series:
VIDEO: 53 mins. Start video at 2 mins in.
https://www.youtube.com/live/HX6NPNUOSWQ?feature=shared
Recent BBC Earth production 60 minutes | Are You Ever Real?:
Thank you for your patience in reading through this Review post. Jeffrey Thayer 🌀
https://www.etsy.com/shop/changethethoughts/?etsrc=sdt&dd_referrer=
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